Phytophthora palmivora is a devastating oomycete pathogen affecting over 200 plant species, including papaya. Infections lead to significant yield losses, with some regions reporting up to 90% crop failure. The pathogen thrives in moist environments, making tropical areas particularly vulnerable. Effective management requires integrated strategies focusing on prevention and early detection.

Clavibacter nebraskensis, the causative agent of Goss’s wilt in maize, has been added to the EPPO Alert List following its detection in South Africa and Mexico. The bacterium poses a significant threat to maize production, with potential yield losses up to 50%. Its spread underscores the need for vigilant monitoring and implementation of phytosanitary measures.

Goss’s wilt, caused by Clavibacter nebraskensis, is a bacterial disease impacting maize crops. Management strategies emphasize the use of resistant hybrids, crop rotation, and residue management. Since fungicides are ineffective against bacterial pathogens, cultural practices remain the cornerstone of disease control.

Phytophthora palmivora significantly affects cocoa production by causing black pod disease, leading to substantial economic losses. The pathogen infects various parts of the cocoa plant, including pods and stems. Effective control measures include regular sanitation, proper pruning, and the application of appropriate fungicides.

Ambrosia grayi, commonly known as woollyleaf bursage, has been added to the EPPO Alert List due to its invasive nature and potential to disrupt native ecosystems. The plant is currently confined to a small area in Israel, but its inclusion in the alert list aims to prevent further spread and encourage early detection measures.